耦合生态服务的国土空间煤矿废弃地生态修复理论研究框架

任雪冰 李晓丹

摘要

截止到2018年，全国废弃矿山共有98834，废弃矿山损毁土地面积约63万多公顷，这其中煤炭废弃地约占60%。鉴于煤矿开采对生态环境产生的重大影响，使得生态系统在数量和质量上均遭到严重破坏，国土空间生态安全受到显著威胁，煤矿废弃地的生态修复迫在眉睫。

党的十九大报告将国土空间用途管制和生态保护修复上升到了国家战略的高度，并强调二者相互依存、密不可分。总结之前的煤矿废弃地修复理论与实践案例，可以发现目前针对煤矿废弃地生态修复的理论认知在整体工作流程及逻辑框架方面还有所欠缺。煤矿废弃地的生态修复是国土空间生态修复的重要一环，需要综合考虑煤矿废弃地生态修复的特殊性。这个过程不仅仅是生态系统质量的改善，更是生态文明战略架构下对社会-生态协同发展的引导，即将过去依托资源承载力的社会经济增长转变为强化生态恢复力的人地协同可持续发展。

因此，根据人类社会与生态系统之间以生态服务流为纽带形成的反馈机制，本文基于国土空间“要素-格局-过程-服务”的联系框架及空间耦合关系，对煤矿废弃地生态修复从基本内涵、修复目标、研究尺度、修复模式4个方面阐释其理论研究框架。该框架从区域生态系统服务的视角，在深入阐明生态系统服务与社会经济发展之间内在联系的基础上，以区域生态安全格局的构建为主体，形成对煤矿废弃地生态修复的逻辑认知到规划方法的理论架构，完善了当前以单一目标为核心的煤矿废弃地生态修复理论。以期为新时期国土空间生态修复从区域自主治理走向全域空间设计提供科学支撑。

任雪冰，中国矿业大学（北京）博士研究生，北方工业大学讲师；
李晓丹，中国矿业大学（北京）教授，博士生导师。

Coupling Ecosystem Services and Ecological Restoration Theory of  Coal Mines Wasteland in view of Territorial space

Xuebing REN，Xiaodan LI

Abstract

As of 2018, there are 98834 abandoned mines in the country, and the damaged land area of abandoned mines is about 630,000 hectares, of which coal mines wasteland accounts for about 60%. In view of the great impact of coal mining on the ecological environment, the ecological system has been seriously damaged in quantity and quality, and the ecological security of territorial space has received a significant threat, the ecological restoration of coal mines wasteland is imminent.

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) raised to the height of national strategy on the land and space use control and ecological restoration , and stressed that the two aspects are interdependent and inseparable. Based on the early theory and practice of coal mines wasteland restoration, we can find that the theoretical cognition of ecological restoration of coal mine wasteland is still deficient in the whole work flow and logical framework. Ecological restoration of coal mines wasteland is an important part of land and space ecological restoration, it is necessary to consider the particularity of ecological restoration of coal mines wasteland. This process is not only the improvement of ecosystem quality, but also the guidance of social-ecological coordinated development under the strategic framework of ecological civilization. That means transforming the social and economic growth relying on the carrying capacity of resources into the coordinated and sustainable development of people and land to strengthen  Ecological resilience.

Therefore, according to the feedback mechanism formed by ecological service flow between human society and ecosystem, this paper explains the theoretical research framework of ecological restoration of coal mines wasteland from four aspects: basic connotation, restoration target, research scale and restoration mode, based on the link frame of "factor-pattern-process-service" and spatial coupling relationship. From the perspective of regional ecosystem services, on the basis of the in-depth elucidation of the internal relationship between ecosystem services and social and economic development, this framework takes the construction of regional ecological security pattern as the main body to form a theoretical framework of logical cognition to planning methods for ecological restoration of coal mines wasteland, and consummates the ecological restoration theory of coal mines wasteland with single goal as the core. This provides scientific support for the  ecological restoration of territorial space from regional autonomous governance to global space design in the new period.

Xuebing Ren, Ph.D., China University of Mining and Technology -Beijing; Lecturer, North China  University of Technology;

Xiaodan Li, Professor, China University of Mining and Technology -Beijing, Ph. D. supervisor.