江苏省城镇变迁及“画意”乡村建构研究

摘要：乡村审美是对于人居环境以文化寓意的理解，其深层折射的是人与自然的本质关系。一个地区景观审美理念变迁深刻显示出人地关系结构的发展轨迹。现代中国生态文明建设联系着景观审美，深层本质是永久可持续发展问题。中国山水画对于探索乡村景观审美经验是重要途径。中国古代乡村传统审美风格是素雅淡泊，具有诗意的优雅，追求在地老天荒的岁月里人地永远和谐的内涵。这种审美空间有三个叠加层次：“生境、画境、意境”，山水画空间“意境”是乡村审美空间再生产与景观意义延伸，对于现代城镇发展有重要的研究参照价值。江苏省村镇具有4千年的历史传统以及深厚的人地关系文化积淀。太湖流域水网密布，连续多个乡村有“小桥流水人家”清新素雅美学风格，是著名的文化景观遗产。苏北黄淮地区、苏中大运河地段也有类似的成片乡村群体景观。探索“画意”乡村景观营造具有重要的现实意义。

关键词：传统乡村；山水画；审美空间； 景观格局；人地关系

A study on historical changes of towns and the construction of "picturesque" countryside in Jiangsu Province

Abstract: Rural aesthetics is an understanding of the cultural implication of human settlements, which reflects the essential relationship between man and nature.The change of aesthetic concept of landscape in a region shows the development track of relationship structure of human and land. The construction of modern Chinese ecological civilization is connected with landscape aesthetics, and its deep essence is the permanent sustainable development. Chinese landscape painting is an important way to explore the aesthetic experience of rural landscape.The traditional aesthetic style of ancient Chinese countryside is simple and elegant, poetic and elegant, and pursues the connotation of eternal harmony between man and land in the age of the earth. This kind of aesthetic space has three overlapping levels: "habitat, painting environment and artistic conception". The artistic conception of landscape painting space is the reproduction of rural aesthetic space and the extension of landscape significance, which has important research reference value for the development of modern cities and towns.Villages and towns in Jiangsu Province have 4000 years of historical tradition and profound cultural accumulation of the relationship of man and land . Taihu Lake Basin is a famous cultural landscape heritage with a dense water system and a series of villages with a fresh and elegant aesthetic style of "small bridges and flowing water houses". There are similar rural group landscapes in Huanghuai area of Northern Jiangsu and the Grand Canal area of Central Jiangsu. It is of great practical significance to explore the construction of "picturesque" rural landscape.

Key words: traditional village; landscape painting; aesthetic space; landscape pattern; human land relationship