传统村落理水智慧数字化解析
——以江西流坑村为例

摘  要：在传统村落长期除水害、兴水利的营建与发展过程中，通过适应天然水体和利用地域水系形成了一整套成熟的策略，有着朴素的理水智慧。该研究从村落水系格局梳理、空间特征计算、水环境量化三个方面，对流坑村的理水策略和效果做出定性和定量的分析，探索村落理水研究的技术借助和潜力。研究结果表明，流坑村具有源头引水-中程排水-末端调蓄的层次清晰的水系格局；通过三维点云计算可知，其选址精确利用了微地形，采用双水源理水策略；村中塘湖可容纳83%的雨水，且植被面积约占村落总面积的34.7%，具有较高的地表渗透率，中程排水效果甚佳；通过水环境质量检测可知，其塘湖水体环境质量良好，末端调蓄功能较强。该研究旨在填补以往对传统村落理水非量化研究的缺环，挖掘传统村落隐没的信息和价值，加深人们对传统村落水利统筹、布局和营建智慧的理解，协助传统村落水利文化遗产保护与现代利用的双赢。
关键词：理水智慧；水系格局；三维点云计算；水环境量化；水利遗产

Digital Analysis of the Water Layout Wisdom in Traditional Rural Settlements:
A Case Study on Liukeng Village in Jiangxi Province

Abstract：During the long-term construction and development process of eliminating water disasters and promoting water conservancy in traditional settlements, a set of mature strategies which have simple wisdom in water layout have been formed by adapting to natural water environment and utilize regional water system. This study makes the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the water layout strategies and effects of Liukeng village from three aspects: sorting out the water systematic pattern, calculating the spatial characteristics and quantizing the water environment, to explore the technical assist and potential of water layout research in traditional rural settlements. The results indicate that Liukeng Village has an unambiguous water systematic pattern of source diversion, medium drainage and end purification of water. Through 3D point cloud computing, it is known that the site selection makes accurate use of micro-topography and adopts the strategy of dual water source. The lake in the village can hold 83% of precipitation, and the vegetation area accounts for 34.7% of the total area of the village, which has high surface permeability and well medium drainage effect. Water detection shows that the lake gets good water quality and purification. The purpose of this study is to fill the vacancy of previous non-quantitative research on water layout, excavate the hidden information and value, and deepen people's understanding of the wisdom of the overall planning, layout and construction of water conservancy. It can provide assistance to the win-win situation of cultural heritage protection and contemporary utilization of water conservancy in traditional settlements.
Keywords：Wisdom of water layout; Water systematic pattern; 3D point cloud computing; Quantification of water environment; Water conservancy heritage

作者信息：
黄斯，天津大学建筑学院，博士研究生，yellows_arch@tju.edu.cn
李哲，天津大学建筑学院，副教授

国家自然科学基金项目（51878439、51878437、51908179）
文化和旅游部重点实验室课题（20180508）
教育部人文社科青年基金课题（17YJCZH095）
河北省社科基金课题（HB19YS036）